home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
CNN Newsroom: Global View
/
CNN Newsroom: Global View.iso
/
txt
/
fpb
/
fpb0192.012
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1994-05-02
|
9KB
|
180 lines
<text>
<title>
President Gorbachev's Televised Statement
</title>
<article>
<hdr>
Foreign Policy Bulletin, January-April 1992
The Reorganization of Europe: President Gorbachev's Televised
Statement, December 25, 1991
</hdr>
<body>
<p> Dear fellow countrymen, compatriots. Due to the situation
which has evolved as a result of the formation of the
Commonwealth of Independent States, I hereby discontinue my
activities at the post of President of the Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics.
</p>
<p> I am making this decision out of considerations based on
principle. I have firmly stood for the independence, self-rule
of nations, for the sovereignty of the republics, but at the
same time for preservation of the union state and the integrity
of this country.
</p>
<p> Events took a different course. The policy prevailed of
dismembering this country and disuniting the state, which is
something I cannot subscribe to.
</p>
<p> After the Alma-Ata meeting and its decisions, my position
did not change as far as this issue is concerned. Besides, it
is my conviction that decisions of such magnitude should have
been made on the basis of the popular will.
</p>
<p> However, I will do all I can to insure that the agreements
signed there lead toward real concord in society and facilitate
the exit out of this crisis and the process of reform.
</p>
<p> This being my last opportunity to address you as President
of the U.S.S.R., I consider it necessary to give you my
evaluation of the road we have traveled since 1985, especially
as there are a lot of contradictory, superficial and subjective
judgments on that matter.
</p>
<p> Destiny so ruled that when I found myself at the helm of
this state it already was clear that all was not well in the
country. We had a lot of everything--land, oil and gas, other
natural resources--and there was intellect and talent in
abundance. However, we were living much worse than people in
the industrialized countries were living and we were
increasingly lagging behind them.
</p>
<p> The reason was obvious even then. The country was
suffocating in the shackles of the bureaucratic command system.
Doomed to cater to ideology, and suffer and carry the onerous
burden of the arms race, it found itself at the breaking point.
All the half-hearted reforms--and there have been a lot of
them--fell through, one after another. This country was going
nowhere and we couldn't go on living like that. We had to change
everything radically.
</p>
<p> That is why not once--not once--have I regretted that I
did not take advantage of the post of General Secretary to rule
as a czar for several years. I would have considered it an
irresponsible and amoral decision. I realized that to start
reforms of such scale in a society such as ours was a most
difficult and even a risky thing. But even today I am convinced
of the historic correctness of the democratic reforms that were
started in the spring of 1985.
</p>
<p> The process of renovating this country and bringing about
drastic changes in the world community turned out to be much
more complicated than anyone could imagine. However, what has
been done ought to be given its due. This society has acquired
freedom. It has been freed politically and spiritually, and
this is the most important achievement--which we have not yet
understood completely, because we have not learned to use
freedom.
</p>
<p> However, work of historic significance has been
accomplished. The totalitarian system that deprived the country
of an opportunity to become successful and prosperous long ago
has been eliminated. A breakthrough has been achieved on the way
to democratic changes. Free elections have become a reality.
Freedom of the press, religious freedoms, representative
legislatures and a multiparty system have all become reality.
Human rights are recognized as the supreme principle.
</p>
<p> The movement to a diverse economy has started, equality of
all forms of property is being established, people who work on
the land are coming to life again in the framework of land
reform, farmers have appeared, millions of acres of land are
being given over to people who live in the countryside and in
towns. The economic freedom of the producer has been made a law,
and free enterprise, the emergence of joint stock companies and
privatization are gaining momentum.
</p>
<p> As the economy is being steered toward the market format, it
is important to remember that the intention behind this reform
is the well-being of the individual. During this difficult
time, everything should be done to provide for social security,
especially for senior citizens and children.
</p>
<p> We live in a new world. The Cold War has ended; the arms
race has stopped, as has the insane militarization that
mutilated our economy, public psyche and morals. The threat of
a world war has been removed. Once again I want to stress that
on my part everything was done during the transition period to
preserve reliable control of nuclear weapons.
</p>
<p> We opened ourselves to the world, gave up interference into
other people's affairs, the use of troops beyond the borders of
this country, and trust, solidarity and respect came in
response. We have become one of the main foundations for the
transformation of modern civilization on peaceful democratic
grounds.
</p>
<p> The nations and peoples of this country have acquired the
right to freely choose their format for self-determination. The
search for a democratic reformation of the multinational state
brought us to the threshold of concluding a new union treaty.
All these changes demanded intense strain. They were carried out
with sharp struggle, with growing resistance from the old, the
obsolete forces: the former party-state structures, the
economic apparatus, as well as our habits, ideological
superstitions, the psychology of sponging and leveling everyone
out.
</p>
<p> They stumbled on our intolerance, low level of political
culture, fear of change. That is why we lost so much time. The
old system collapsed before the new one had time to begin
working, and the crisis in the society became even more acute.
</p>
<p> I'm aware that there is popular resentment as a result of
today's grave situation. I note that authority at all levels
and myself are being subject to harsh criticisms. But once again
I'd like to stress that radical changes in such a vast country,
and a country with such a heritage could not have been carried
out without difficulties, shock and pain.
</p>
<p> The August coup brought the general crisis to its ultimate
limit. The most damaging thing about this crisis is the breakup
of the state. And today I am worried by our people's loss of
the citizenship of a great country. The consequences may turn
out to be very hard for everyone.
</p>
<p> I think it is vitally important to preserve the democratic
achievements of the last years. They have been paid for by the
suffering of our whole history, our tragic experience. They
must not be given up under any circumstances or any pretext,
otherwise all our hopes for the better will be buried. I am
saying all this straight and honestly. It is my moral duty.
</p>
<p> Today, I'd like to express my gratitude to all citizens who
supported the policy of renovating the country, got involved in
the implementation of democratic reforms. I am grateful to
statesmen, public and political figures, millions of people
abroad, those who understood our concepts and supported them,
and met us halfway. I thank them for their sincere cooperation
with us.
</p>
<p> I am leaving my post with apprehension, but also with hope,
with faith in you, your wisdom and force of spirit. We are the
heirs of a great civilization, and its rebirth into a new,
modern and dignified life now depends on one and all.
</p>
<p> I wish to thank with all my heart all those who have stood
together with me all these years for a fair and good cause.
Some mistakes could surely have been avoided; many things could
have